13.1 Archaeological digital thought
13.2 Conceptual digitality of the archaeological record
13.2.1 The primacy of atomism
13.2.2 Finality of the fragment
13.2.3 Quantification and the anchoring bias
13.3 The role of observation
13.3.1 The dynamics of the record
13.3.2 The observation as a structuring moment
13.3.3 The input as argument
13.4 "Ontologies" and the semantic web
13.4.1 Grammatical and hermeneutical aspects
13.4.2 "Ontologies" as grammars
13.4.3 The semantic web as hermeneutics
13.5 An archaeological record in practice
13.5.1 A test case
13.5.2 Global Record and Browser Edition
13.5.3 The semantics of automation
13.5.4 Intrinsic vs. extrinsic integration
13.5.5 Compositional matters
13.5.6 The basal data
13.5.7 The scripts
13.5.8 The dialectics of alternate registers
13.5.9 Interactivity
13.5.10 Globality
13.5.11 Publication
13.5.12 Portability
13.5.13 Bibliographical status
13.5.14 The presentation component of the browser edition
13.1 Archaeological digital thought
Hodder 1999 Process, p. 181. for “hypertext” archaeology.
Digitality as marking a significant change in our engagement with archaeology and the past, and the great potential of digital media: Olsen &al 2012 Things.
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For various discussions of digital implementation, benefits and challenges, and theoretical background, see papers in Earl &al 2013 Archaeology Digital Era, especially Huggett 2013 Computer Applications, Costa &al 2013 Open Data, Corley 2013 Communication and Carver & Lang 2013 E- Archaeology.
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See also Berggren &al 2015 Trowel Edge.
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For the question of the web and open access, see Kansa Witcher Watrall 2011 Archaeology 2; Wilson & Edwards 2015 Open.
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For an important early set of papers, see Gardin 1970 Archéologie.
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13.2.3 Quantification and the anchoring bias
For the problems of selectivity in the definition of the initial universe in a statistical sense, and for the notion of congruence (“concordance”) in terms of quantification, see Carr 1985 Concordance Concordance, pp. 8-9.
For the notion of “punctuated equilibrium” see Eldredge & Gould 1972 Punctuated “Punctuated Equilibria”
13.3.1 The dynamics of the record
For digital monographs and digital books see the website d-discorse.
For the dynamics of digital “ontology” conceived as a “living structure” see Berners- Lee &al 2008 Semantic, p. 99.
The notion of “punctuated continuum” echoes that of “punctuated equilibrium,” for which see Eldredge & Gould 1972 Punctuated.
13.3.3 The input as argument
Refer to specific programs, such as Neo4J withitn the Semantic web.
For non-existence refer to linguistics, see Moro Andrea 2008 Boundaries.
Refer to Network theory.
To (2): for language being coeval with concept see Moro Andrea 2008 Boundaries.
Cf. Moro Andrea 2008 Boundaries.
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13.4.2 "Ontologies" as grammars
On the notion of “ontology” and on the emphasis on the connection between objects and relations see Berners- Lee &al 2008 Semantic, pp. 96 and 98.
On the notion of “ontologies” in the plural see Heidegger 1927 Sein Und Zeit Sein und Zeit, here especially in the excerpts.
On the relationship between ontologies and ontology, see Arp &al 2015 Building.
13.4.3 The semantic web as hermeneutics
For the semantic web as expressing “shared meaning” see Berners- Lee &al 2008 Semantic, pp. 96, 100.
13.5.3 The semantics of automation
For Network Theory in complex social systems, see Wasserman & Faust 1994 Social Network Analysis.
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On Network Theory in archaeology: Brughmans 2012 Thinking Through Networks and Collar &al 2015 Networks In Archaeology.
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13.5.7 The scripts
We used script files back in 1977 to create a full set of cuneiform signs: the system was developed by Sal Fallone and implemented by Yoshitaka Kobayashi, see Buccellati G 1977 Babylonian.
Our first application to archaeological data took place in the early 80s, see Buccellati & Rouault 1983 Terqa, where the output was produced by plotters. The same data can now be run on commercial programs like AutoCAD.
The notion of ASCII scripts to construe analogical architectural graphics has been elaborated in full, with ample exemplificaiton, in Buccellati F 2013 Three-dimensional (cf. here).
13.5.11 Publication
The LAN (Local Area Network) system was set up by Federico A. Buccellati.
The first CD of 1998 was the one about unit OH2.
The aspect of dissemination of primary data is the focus of the research of Eric Kansa and associates, in particular as it regards the possibilities introduced by an open access policy to the World Wide Web, see Kansa Witcher Burton 2010 Googling; Kansa Witcher Watrall 2011 Archaeology 2; Kansa 2012 Openness; Kansa & Witcher 2013 Publication.
13.5.12 Portability
The California Digital Library is one of the earliest and major initiatives to provide a digital framework for publications. This takes place especially through the section devoted to eScholarship. The data are primarily linear renderings of paper copies, presented in a PDF format.
Open Context is devoted specifically to archaeological records.
Cf. Ducke 2012 Free And Open Source Software; Jeffrey 2012 Digital Dark Age.
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Cf. Richards 2002 Digital Preservation And Access.
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